What do you mean by the term Kerma?

Kerma is a measure of energy transferred from radiation to matter and is an acronym for kinetic energy released to matter. Kerma measures the amount of energy that is transferred from photons to electrons per unit mass at a certain position.

What is Kerma radiology?

Air kerma can be thought of as the number of individual x-ray photons per unit area, which therefore says nothing about the extent (area) of the x-ray beam. Although x- ray photon energies play a role in determining air kerma, this is a secondary factor that is of little interest or concern to radiologists.

What is air kerma measured in?

Air kerma is the kerma in a small irradiated air volume. Most interventional equipment will report air kerma in milligray (mGy) as well as kerma-area product (KAP). Air kerma is used to characterize the intensity of the x-ray beam2 and has replaced the roentgen (R), the old unit of beam intensity.

What is meant by radiation weighting factor?

The factor by which the absorbed dose (rad or gray) must be multiplied to obtain a quantity that expresses, on a common scale for all ionizing radiation, the biological damage (rem or sievert) to the exposed tissue.

How is Air Kerma strength measured?

Determining Air-Kerma Strength from Apparent Activity (Aapp) W/e = 33.97 (J/C) = 0.876 (cGy/R) for dry air. Γ𝛿 is the exposure rate constant. Nominally 4.69 (R cm2 / mCi hr) for Ir-192.

What is Kerma known for?

Kerma is one of the largest archaeological sites in ancient Nubia. It has produced decades of extensive excavations and research, including thousands of graves and tombs and the residential quarters of the main city surrounding the Western/Lower Deffufa. Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma.

What is quality factor in radiation?

The quality factor, Q, is a dimensionless modifier used in converting absorbed dose, expressed in gray (or rad), to dose equivalent, expressed in sievert (or rem). The dose equivalent is used in radiation protection to account for the biological effectiveness of different kinds of radiation.

What is weighted factor?

A weighting factor is a weight given to a data point to assign it a lighter, or heavier, importance in a group. It is usually used for calculating a weighted mean, to give less (or more) importance to group members.

What is mCi radiation?

One curie is a large amount of radioactivity. Commonly used subunits are mCi (millicurie), µCi (microcurie), nCi (nanocurie), and pCi (picocurie).

What is total Reference Air Kerma?

The total reference air kerma (TRAK) is the sum of the products of the Reference Air Kerma Rate and the irradiation time for each source. It is directly proportional to the integral dose to the patients.

Is Kerma a Kush?

Kerma recaptured northern Nubia from Egypt Known to the Egyptians as Kush, which may be the indigenous name of the kingdom, the territory controlled by Kerma ultimately expanded north of the Egyptian fortresses at the 2nd cataract.

Is Kerma a Nubia?

The Kerma culture was based in the southern part of Nubia, or “Upper Nubia” (in parts of present-day northern and central Sudan), and later extended its reach northward into Lower Nubia and the border of Egypt.

What is the full form of Kerma?

Kerma is a measure of kinetic energy transferred from radiation to matter. It is an acronym for “kinetic energy released per unit mass”. Kerma is given the symbol K. Kerma is a measure of kinetic energy transferred from radiation to matter.

What is the meaning of kinetic Kerma?

Kerma is an acronym for “kinetic energy released per unit mass”, defined as the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (i.e., indirectly ionizing radiation such as photons and neutrons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample.

What is Kerma – radiation?

What is Kerma – Radiation – Definition. Kerma is a measure of kinetic energy transferred from radiation to matter. It is an acronym for “kinetic energy released per unit mass”. Kerma is given the symbol K. Kerma is a measure of kinetic energy transferred from radiation to matter. It is an acronym for “ k inetic e nergy r eleased per unit ma ss”.

What is the difference between Kerma and absorbed dose?

Kerma is related to, but not the same as absorbed dose. Absorbed dose is defined as the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a substance. Kerma is defined as the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation in a substance.