What is FHH in pregnancy?

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) result in different maternal and fetal complications in pregnancy. Calcium to creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR) is commonly used to help distinguish these two conditions.

How is FHH treated?

As FHH is usually asymptomatic, treatment is not necessary. The hypercalcemia seen in FHH does not respond to diuretics or bisphosphonates. For those with constantly elevated serum calcium concentrations >14mg/dL or in those with NSHPT or relapsing pancreatitis, a total parathyroidectomy can be beneficial.

Does FHH cause osteoporosis?

Patients with FHH were younger than those with PHPT. Most patients (78%) were women, and this sex disequilibrium was more marked in the PHPT group than in the FHH group. At diagnosis, 32 patients (21%) reported a history of nephrolithiasis; 41 (27%), osteoporosis; and 20 (13%), a history of fracture.

Is FHH primary hyperparathyroidism?

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a genetically heterogeneous condition resembling primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) but not curable by surgery; FHH types 1, 2, and 3 are due to loss-of-function mutations of the CASR, GNA11, or AP2S1 genes, respectively.

What is Fhh?

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an inherited disorder that causes abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) and low to moderate levels of calcium in urine (hypocalciuric). People with FHH usually do not have any symptoms and are often diagnosed by chance during routine bloodwork.

Is FHH life threatening?

Rarely, a person may inherit a pathogenic variants in both copies of one of the genes associated with FHH. This can lead to a severe form of the disorder called neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT). This disorder may become evident within the first week of life and can be life-threatening.

Does FHH cause low vitamin D?

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were normal in both groups, but plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in FHH were significantly lower than control (P less than 0.0025) or hyperparathyroid (P less than 0.01) values.

What causes FHH?

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the calcium sensing receptor gene (CASR). FHH is characterized by hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, hypermagnesemia, and normal to low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

What is an FHA Section 235 loan?

The Federal Housing Authority (FHA) helps some borrowers obtain credit for new and refinanced properties. The FHA’s Section 235 loan is now a defunct program, but the effects of it are still felt by some homeowners.

What is the Section 235 program?

Under the Section 235 program, HUD assists mortgagors in making their monthly mortgage payments by paying directly to the mortgagee a portion of the mortgagor’s monthly payment as long as the mortgagor remains eligible for subsidy under this program.

What are the different types of FHH?

FHH is mainly classified into three different types depending on the genetic cause. FHH type 1 is the most common type of FHH and is caused by changes (also known as pathogenic variants or mutations) in the CASR gene.

What is the pathophysiology of fhh1?

FHH type 1 is the most common type of FHH and is caused by changes (also known as pathogenic variants or mutations) in the CASR gene. The protein made from the CaSR gene, the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR protein), monitors and regulates the level of calcium in the blood.